MY INTERNSHIP JOURNEY AND EXPERIENCE

 MEGHANA GUNTI 

INTERN 

ROLL.NO 51 "

"I HAVE BEEN POSTED IN GENERAL MEDICINE FROM 12 TH DECEMBER 2022 TO FEBRUARY 11 TH 2023 , IN THIS BLOG I WOULD LIKE TO SHARE MY WONDERFUL EXPERIENCE OF INTERNSHIP IN THE DEPARTMENT , GENERAL MEDICINE ,  I WAS ALWAYS VERY INTERESTED IN THIS SUBJECT AS I LIKED THE DIVERSITY OF THE SUBJECT WITH EXPOSURE TO PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE PATHOLOGIES AND DIEASES , AND IT IS INTELLECTUALLY  lLIKE A GAME OF CHESS TO SOLVE , ENABLES US TO THINK MORE INNOVATIVELY, THERE ARE ALWAYS NEW PUZZLES , BEFORE WE ARRIVE AT A DIAGNOSIS , A GOOD BASIS FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOLOGY , PHYSIOLOGY , PHARMACOLOGY , THERAPEUTICS , AND ALWAYS SOMETHING NEW TO LEARN "

Psychiatry postings :

I have been posted in psychiatry from 12 th December 2022 to 26 th December 2022

- I was always fascinated towards psychiatry  as i was curious to I  more about  how a human mind works , and how its functioning is altered  and what makes the patient experience mental health challenges 

-- most often , it is attributed to constant stressors ,scenarios or one incident that could profoundly affect the mind , apart from certain inherited psychiatric illness . 

--  since treatment of a mental illness is not limited to medication alone , counselling and cognitive behavioral therapy also have significant importance , knowledge about patients life and any triggers is important to the treating psychiatrist , therefore HISTORY TAKING is very important and equally  challenging for effective treatment . 

- In my postings , the most important thing i have learnt is the importance of preserving CONFIDENTIALITY of the patients condition , and about taking detailed history of the patient from him / her , to make them comfortable to speak up about how they feel and history  from a reliable attendor 

-- learnt about MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION .

-- SOME of the interesting cases that i have seen :

  •  pschizophrenia
  • post partum depression 
  • a 30 yr old woman who presented with delusion of granduer 
  • a 5 yr child with ADHD 
  • Students with panic attacks 
  • depression 
  • alcohol dependence syndrome'
  • tobacco dependence syndrome
-- HOW HAMILTON DEPRESSION RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION 

-- BPRS SCALE FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA ARE USED IN GRADING SEVERITY OF THE ILLNESS 

-- ICD 10 , DSM 5 

-- about atypical antipyschotics , anti depressants

- LEARNT ABOUT MIND RELAXATION EXERCISES THAT ARE RECOMMEDED LIKE 

;DEEP BREATHING EXERCISES , MEDITATION ETC

" MENTAL HEALTH IS THE HEART OF PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL HEALTH "




I was posted in unit from 27/12/2022 to 26/1/23 , 

ON OP DAYS , 

-- I have done vital monitoring of the patients in op 

- i have learnt how to take brief history of patients in OP , 

- i have learnt management and medicine presciption for patients with hypertension , diabetes , acid peptic disease , fever , who come to OP 

-- gained knowledge about the what investigations to be advised for respective compaints

OP DAY CASUALTY NIGHT DUTIES :

-- during one of my casuality night duty , I did CPR FOR   under the assistance of DR.chandana mam and dr.kiran sir fOR A 85 YR OLD woman who presented with shortness of breath , ecg was done and she was diagnosed to have conduction blockage , her relatives unwilling to transfer her to higher centre for pace maker implantation , we could not revive the patient after 30 minutes of cpr 


The following are the links of blogs i have made :

case 1 :

A 64 YR OLD WHO IS UNABLE TO TALK SINCE 1 DAY 

https://meghanag51.blogspot.com/2022/12/a-64-yr-old-who-is-unable-to-talk-since.html

brief history :


- unable to talk since 1 day ,hiccups since 7 days
 bowel and bladder incontinence, loss of appetite  since 3 days 
- fever 4 days back 

DIAGNOSIS : :- 

- Altered sensorium secondary to meningoencephalitis (? TB  ) 
- hyponatremia 
- Left sided pneumonia ( ?TB )
- AIS ( Tiny acute infarct in right temporal lobe ) 

learning points :
 - kernigs sign for meningitis 
-  i have assisted in lumbar puncture procedure for csf culture for cbnaat
- ATT therapy 
- types of  crepts and wheeze 
- CNS symptoms of hyponatremia 




A 70 YR OLD WITH LOSS OF SPEECH 

http://meghanag51.blogspot.com/2022/12/a-70-year-old-with-loss-of-speech.html


BRIEF HISTORY :

This is a case of a 70 year male who came with a complaint of 
1. Fall 10 days back
2. History of fever since 5 days
3. Inability to speak since 1 day

DIAGNOSIS ;

CVA - Acute infarcts in right posterior occipital region, right cuneus, right superior & inferior parietal lobule, left insular cortex - Embolic nature.

learning points :
- detailed CNS examination 
-  significance of i/o charting 
- skin traction 



CASE 3 :

 51 YR OLD MALE WITH FEVER SINCE 5 DAYS 

https://meghanag51.blogspot.com/2023/01/51-yr-old-male-with-fever-since-5-days.html
BRIEF HISTORY :
 
A 51 yr old male who is an agricultural labourer came to OPD with 

CHIEF COMPLAINTS : 
- Fever since  5 days 
- body pains since 5 days 
- loss of appetite and burning micturition since 5 days 
 - reduced appetite since 5 days 

DIAGNOSIS :

VIRAL PYREXIA WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA
*  managing  a patient with thrombocytopenia 
* types of fever 


CASE 4 :

53 YR OLD MALE WITH FEVER  AND ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT SINCE 4 DAYS 


https://meghanag51.blogspot.com/2023/01/53-yr-old-make-with-fever-since-4-dys.html


BRIEF HISTORY :

 53 yr old male came to OPD with 
Chief complaints of :

fever since 4 days 
- abdominal discomfort , bloating and loss of appetite since 4 days 
- burning micturition since 4 days 
- no passage of stools since 4 days 

PROVISONAL DIAGNOSIS :

 Viral pyrexia with thrombocytopenia with HFPEF with RHF



CASE 5 :

43 YR M WITH FEVER AND COLD SINCE 2 DAYS 

https://meghanag51.blogspot.com/2023/02/9223-g-meghana-intern-roll.html

BRIEF HISTORY :

Patient came to casuality with

 Chief complaints of : 

cold and headache since 2 days 
- fever since 1 day 

 PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS : VIRAL PYREXIA UNDER EVALUATION ( SECONDARY TO URTI )

learning points :

- anatomical localisation of fever , examination for sinus tenderness

- causes for absence of aortic knuckle in an x ray 


-- every morning , updated fever charts of my patients , updated soap notes time to time

-- taken the patient for various investigations 

-- i have drawn samples for routine lab investigations 

-- i have taken abg samples , removed foleys , inserted ryles tube and foleys catheter 

- i have attended rounds about the patients discussions , rounds are a very fruitful part of the day , as there is always something new to learn everyday .

-- during rounds we have discussed about the patients symptoms , how to perform examination , we then proceed to investigations and what investigations to be done further apart from medical profile , also how to question and channel our thinking accordingly in various clinical scenarios , and how our understanding of the diagnosis evolves over a period of time , and accordingly managing the patient , discussing the patient's prognosis day to day , thaanks to DR.Rakesh biswas sir , dr.Nikitha mam , DR. Vamshi sir , dr . Nishitha mam , Dr. govardhini mam and dr . kiran sir 

-- creates PAJR groups of my patient blogs

-- i have learnt how to evaluate xray chest , basics of an ECG, significance of hemogram , lft , rft , to evaluate 2 d echo , to following up investigations closely .

-- I  have done dressing of bed sores.

-- seen an interesting case of a 17 yr old boy with uncontrolled diabetes , and how to manage it 

-- besides patient work , and medical therapy , i believe knowing about patients life style and their dietary habits , and accordingly giving them suggestions is crucial .

- there was a 60 yr old male patient in my unit , who had elevated levels of sugars constantly , he had c/o blurred vision , diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy , probing into his dietary habits , i observed that patient consumes lot of sweets and eats without discretion , thereby counselled patient to make necessary changes in food habits .

WARD DUTIES : from 

- monitoring of the patient vitals '

- grbs charting 

-- learnt about management of hypertensive urgency

-- referred patients with h/o chronic alcohol consumption to DAC after discharge


 I was posted in ICU from 1 Feb to 5 th February 2023 , here goes my experience :

---  I have done vital monitoring of all the patients in ICU and AMC .

- learnt significance of 7 pOint profile in GRBS charting in a diabetic .

- significance of I/ O charting 

-- I have inserted ryles tube in 3 patients  , inserted foleys in a male and 2 female patients .

--- I have taken ABG samples for 5 patients, taken venous samples . 


-- in  one of the night duties , i have done CPR for a 36 YR OLD  patient with CKD on MHD  who was shifted from nephro ward to ICU at midnight , under the guidance of  Dr. Kranthi  sir and Dr.Pavan sir , CPR was done for 30  mins , but the patient could not be revived .

- I have observed an interesting  case of 65 yr old woman with unilateral right diaphragmatic palsy ,   and eho was advised  for diahpragmatic plication surgery.

-- I have felt   a pansystolic murmur in a 85 yr old with anterior  wall MI



-- i have recorded increased JVP  in 85 yr old female with right heart failure 




-- i have got acquainted with the concept of  " ICU PSYCHOSIS " ,  

-- during rounds ,i have learnt the concept of health economics , and its significance from dr. rakesh biswas sir 

-- i have learnt to manage  patients going into hypogycemia with 25 d infusion , management of hypotension with norad infusion , management of hyperglycemia with insulin and significant hypertension with nicardia during my night duties under guidance of dr.pavani mam and dr.pavan sir 

-- learnt about ventilator settings 







• During  ICU ROUNDS,  i here recall some  of my learning points: 

--- In a patient with hypoxia , why did we keep her on ventilation and not directly given oxygen ?

Ans ) To enable more recruitment of alveoli  in the lungs , and ensure more gaseous exchange takes place through ventilation .

-- what are the causes for increased ALP ? 

Ans ) pathology of   placenta/ liver / intestine / bone marrow 

-- What is diabeticorum bullosa

Ans ) Bullous diabeticorum is a rare   cutaneous complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is a spontaneous, non inflammatory, blistering condition usually found in long-standing diabetic patients with poor glycemic control

It can mimic other vesicobullous  disorders, and is often underdiagnosed 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5518582/

h


--- causes of bradycardia with hypotension ? 

-- VASOVAGAL SYNCOPE, A NEURALLY mediated syncopal syndrome, is the commonest cause of recurrent unexplained syncope . Sudden and transient decline in cerebral perfusion in this condition is due to hypotension caused by abrupt vasodilation, often accompanied by a vagally mediated reflex bradycardia

--that the occurrence of bradycardia or asystole in the face of acute severe hypotension is a mechanism to possibly minimize further blood loss, prevent myocardial damage, and increase ventricular filling; and that fainting, which occurs as a consequence of this, is a homeostatic mechanism that serves to restore venous return and cerebral blood flow before blood pressure is normalized by neural reflex mechanisms

-- antihypertensive overdose 

-- hyperkalemia

-- possible hypothyriodism

-- sinus node dysfunction 

link here :https://journals.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/advan.00027.2004

--- what is polymorphic VT ?



Polymorphic (or polymorphous) ventricular tachycardia (VT) is defined as a ventricular rhythm at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute (bpm) with a continuously varying QRS complex morphology in any recorded electrocardiographic (ECG) lead. The simultaneous recording of more than one ECG lead is often necessary to detect these changes. Most polymorphic VTs are rapid (often >200 bpm), but an absolute rate has not been established, and VT at a slower rate can manifest changing QRS morphology . Some episodes of polymorphic VT cause hemodynamic collapse, and some degenerate into ventricular fibrillation (VF); however, many episodes terminate spontaneously.

Polymorphic VTs are classified based upon their association with a normal or prolonged QT interval. Spontaneous polymorphic VT in the presence of a normal QT interval usually occurs in the setting of coronary heart disease or nonischemic cardiomyopathy. However, some patients have no structural heart disease or may have a familial syndrome.

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic VT associated with a prolonged QT interval, which has a different etiology and mechanism, is known as torsades de pointes ("twisting of points") 

link : https://www.uptodate.com/contents/catecholaminergic-polymorphic-ventricular-tachycardia

what is osmotic demyelination syndrome ?

  • osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) has been a recognized complication of the rapid correction of hyponatremia for decades. 
  •  the pathogenesis of ODS may be more complex and involve the inability of brain cells to respond to rapid changes in osmolality of the interstitial (extracellular) compartment of the brain, leading to dehydration of energy-depleted cells with subsequent axonal damage that occurs in characteristic areas. 
  • Features of the syndrome include quadriparesis and neurocognitive changes in the presence of characteristic lesions found on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.
I am posted in nephrology from 7/2/2023 to 11/2/2023 

- in dialysis room , i have monitored the vitals of the patients before dialysis , during dialysis and after dialysis 

-- During dialysis , i have learnt how to manage when patients with elevated BP with  NTG 
-- i have drawn abg samples for 2 patients and venous samples for other investigations 
-- assisted dr.Kranthi sir in placing central line to a patient 
-- learnt about av fistula 
-- tried to understand the functioning of a dialysis machine ?


link :
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnephcure.org%2Fhemodialysis%2F&psig=AOvVaw0obB3itCaqAjbeQz74bAYg&ust=1676055248019000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCOClvb6Oif0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABA3

-- what could be the complications in a patient undergoing dialysis ?

ans ) fever , hypotension , chills , infection , bleeding etc

i have taken history of one of the CKD patient , blog link below 

60 YR OLD MALE WITH SOB SINCE 2 MONTHS 

https://meghanag51.blogspot.com/2023/02/f.html


THANKS TO ENTIRE DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL MEDICINE , RESPECTED DR. RAKESH BISWAS SIR , SR'S , PG'S AND NURSING STAFF FOR HELPING ME AND GUIDING ME THROUGHOUT THE POSTINGS . SPECIAL THANKS TO DR.RAKESH BISWAS SIR ( HOD) DR. NIKITHA MAM ( SR ) DR VAMSHI KRISHNA SIR ,DR NISHITHA MAM  DR.GOVARDHINI MAM, DR KIRAN SIR , FOR CONSTANTLY GUIDING ME DURING MY UNIT DUTIES, ,DR.PAVANI MAM AND DR PAVAN SIR FOR THEIR SUPPORT DURING MY ICU DUTIES , DR.DURGA KRISHNA SIR AND DR.NARASIMHA SIR FOR GUIDANCE DURING MY WARD DUTIES , DR.NISHITHA MAM AND DR. KRANTHI SIR FOR THIR GUIDANCE DURING MY NEPHROLOGY DUTIES , AND TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY , AND MY BELOVED CO INTERNS , DR. TEJARSHINI , DR . SANTOSH FOR ALWAYS COORDINATING ME IN UNIT .

THE POSTING HAS DEFINITELY HELPED ME TO LEARN MANY THINGS W.R.T UNDERSTANDING DISEASES , THERAPY AND CLINICAL SKILLS , EVERY DAY AND I STILL HAVE LOADS TO LEARN , AND IT HAS ESPECIALLY ENABLED ME TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF DOCTOR PATIENT RELATIONSHIP WHEN I SOCIALIZED WITH MANY OF MY PATIENTS . 

























 



 

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